Expertise/Corporate Law

Service

Holding Structures and Corporate Structuring

A holding structure links companies through equity participation and allocates assets, functions and control among them. An established group is restructured when its structure no longer fits the business or the composition of its owners.

We are most often instructed by:

  • Owners of several companies, including foreign ones
  • Groups of companies whose structure has developed over time
  • Co-owners dividing a business between themselves

The information on this website is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute a public offer.

What the Service Includes

Timing and Fees
from 10business days
from ₽fee on request

Timing and fees are indicative and are confirmed when the engagement is agreed.

01 / Overview
When corporate structuring is needed
  • Setting up a holding structureIt is determined how to bring the ownership of several companies together and what functions each of them will perform.
  • Changing an existing groupThe structure is reviewed if it was formed over time and no longer fits the organization of the business, the composition of the owners or the objectives of the group. It is determined which companies and ownership tiers should be retained, changed or removed.
  • Separating business linesIt is determined how to allocate business lines among companies where ownership, assets, financing or management need to be separated.
  • Preparing to bring in an investorThe investment perimeter, the ownership structure before and after the transaction, the investor's corporate rights and the position of the investment asset within the group are determined.
  • Preparing for the sale of a businessThe separation of the business being sold from the owners' other assets is planned. The expected terms and sequence of the sale transaction are taken into account.
  • Dividing a business between ownersThe allocation of companies, assets and corporate rights is structured where the owners plan to continue operating separately.
  • International ownership structureSupport is provided for structures that include Russian and foreign companies. Where necessary, advisers from the relevant jurisdictions are engaged on matters of foreign law, and their work is coordinated.

How a holding structure is built

In designing a holding structure, it is determined what purpose each ownership tier serves and how it affects decision-making.

  • Ownership tiersA chain of ownership is built from the ultimate owners down to the operating companies. It is determined which companies remain directly held by the owners and which are grouped under intermediate holding companies.
  • Functions of group companiesGroup companies are allocated by function: asset holding, operations and management. If the model provides for a management company for the holding structure, its role and the legal documentation of its powers are determined.
  • Corporate controlIt is determined at which level material decisions are taken and how the owners exercise their rights in respect of group companies.
  • Allocation of powersDecisions taken by the holding company as a participant or shareholder are distinguished from the competence of the bodies of each subsidiary. Holding an equity stake does not replace the corporate formalities for decisions within those companies.
  • Owner structureDifferences in the owners' stakes, roles and rights are taken into account, as are possible changes in their composition.
  • Rights of individual ownersIt is determined which rights the owners exercise directly in group companies and which arrangements they record between themselves. The chosen mechanisms are checked for compliance with the law and the charters.
  • Future changesThe structuring takes into account an expected investor entry, the sale of a business line, a reorganization of the group or the exit of one of the owners.
02 / Outcome
Service Outcome
  • Ownership structureAn agreed model of equity participation from the ultimate owners down to the group's operating companies.
  • Allocation of assets and functionsThe agreed position of companies, property and business lines within the target structure.
  • Corporate control rulesThe procedure for exercising owners' rights and taking material decisions at the various tiers of the group.
  • Transition planThe sequence of transactions, corporate changes and registration actions.
  • Implementation documentsDocuments and resolutions for the transition to the target structure under the agreed plan.

The outcome of the service is the work performed within the scope agreed with the client.

03 / Projects
Selected Projects
01 / 05

Liquidation

Liquidation of a company with a participant from an “unfriendly” jurisdiction

Challenge

The sole participant in a Russian LLC was a foreign company from a state committing unfriendly actions against Russia. The standard liquidation procedure could not be used: clearance from the Government Commission was required.

What was done

Clearance was obtained. The liquidation procedure was carried out from start to finish in compliance with regulatory requirements.

Division of a business

Division of a joint business taking account of the tax consequences

Challenge

The partnership was being terminated with a redistribution of assets. A direct division of the assets would have had significant tax consequences for both parties, so the exit structure had to be worked out separately.

What was done

The transaction structure was reworked in the light of the legal characterization of each operation and its tax consequences, while preserving the balance of the parties' interests.

Director's liability

Liability of a former general director for the company's losses

Challenge

A former general director had caused losses to the company. There were many transactions, the structure was complex, the causal links were blurred, and the former director was counting on the evidence being impossible to gather.

What was done

The chronology of decisions was reconstructed, the link between the transactions and the loss was established, and the former director's bad faith was proven. The court awarded the damages in full, without any reduction.

Corporate dispute

Compelling a distribution of profits in favour of a minority participant

Challenge

The majority participant systematically blocked the distribution of profits by voting at the general meeting. The company was generating income, while the minority participant received no share of the profits.

What was done

The general meeting's resolutions were challenged. A mechanism compelling the distribution of profits was implemented through the courts.

Relations between owners

Owners' roles and decision-making procedure in a medical business

Challenge

Advising on structuring the relationship between the partners of a company providing medical services. The corporate model had to be built around the specific features of an operating business.

What was done

The allocation of the owners' roles, the procedure for taking material decisions and possible scenarios for changes in the relationship between the partners were defined. An agreed corporate and contractual model was put in place.

04 / Questions
Frequently Asked Questions

When several companies or business lines need to be brought together in a single system of ownership and management.

A holding structure may also be needed before bringing in an investor, selling part of the business, dividing assets or changing the composition of owners.

Yes. It is determined which companies, assets and liabilities belong to each business line and how ownership should be organized once they have been separated.

Yes. In an international holding structure, the role of the Russian and foreign companies, the sequence of the transition to the new structure and the issues requiring analysis of foreign law are determined. The choice of model takes into account the applicable requirements for transactions and payments.

An hourly rate, a fixed fee or a combined model is used; in some cases part of the fee depends on the outcome achieved. The fee is determined by the time actually spent, the complexity of the matter and the overall timeframe of the project, and is agreed before work begins.

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Describe your matter and the circumstances in which it arose. The consultation establishes the possible structure of the work and the scope of legal support required.

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